Proclamation of Indonesian Independence

Proclamation of Indonesian Independence

       Three years later, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies after the dropping of atomic bombs (by the United States) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The incident occurred in August 1945. Fill the vacancy, then Indonesia proclaimed its independence on August 17, 1945.

        After the emergence of government edict dated August 31, 1945 which stipulates that beginning 1 September 1945 the national flag hoisted the Red and White continued throughout Indonesia, more and more flag-raising movement extends to all corners of the city.

        At various strategic places and other places, one after another following the flag was unfurled. Among others on the terrace above the Residency Office Building (office Syucokan, governorate building now, Street Hero) located in front of the building Kempeitai (now Monument of Heroes), Internatio rooftop, followed by rows of young men from all corners of Surabaya who brought red and white flag come to Tambaksari (field Gelora 10 November) to attend a mass meeting organized by the Barisan Youth Surabaya. Movement of a flag-raising climax in Surabaya incident occurred on tearing the flag in Yamato Hoteru / or Oranje Hotel Yamato Hotel, Jl. Tunjungan no. 65 Surabaya.

              At first the Japanese and Indo-Dutch was out of the internment develop an organization, contact the Social Committee, which received full support from Japan. The formation of this committee sponsored by the International Red Cross (Intercross). However, overturned by Intercross their political activities. They tried to take over the warehouses and some places have been occupied, such as the Yamato Hotel. On 18 September 1945, came in Surabaya (Gunungsari) Allied officers and the Netherlands from Allied Command (Allied representatives) together with the entourage from Intercross Jakarta.

        Because his position was strong, a group of people under the leadership of Mr. Holland. WVCh Ploegman on the afternoon of September 18, 1945, precisely at 21:00, flying the Dutch flag (Red-White-Blue), without the approval of the Regional Government of Indonesia Surabaya, on the pole at the top of Yamato Hotel, on the northern flank. The next day when the youth saw Surabaya, instantly enraged. They considered the Dutch want to stick his power back in the land of Indonesia, and considered to be harassing the movement of the flag raising was held in Surabaya.
       As soon as the news spread throughout the city of Surabaya, for a moment Jl. Tunjungan flooded by people, ranging from teenage students to young adults, all ready to face any eventualities. The mass continued to flow until the crowded hotel and adjoining courtyard filled with a burst of mass anger. Slightly to the back of the hotel page, several Japanese soldiers looked on guard. The current situation it becomes very explosive.

           Soon came the Resident Sudirman. The arrival of the warrior and diplomat who was serving as Deputy Resident (Fuku Syuco Gunseikan) are still recognized the government of Dai Nippon Syu Surabaya, Surabaya as well as a Resident Local Government Affairs, the crowd parted and went to the hotel. He wants to negotiate with Mr. Ploegman and friends. In the talks Sudirman immediately requested that the tricolor flag lowered.
          Ploegman refused, even with harsh threats, "Army Allies had won the war, and because the Netherlands is a member of the Allies, the Dutch government is now entitled to enforce the restoration of the Dutch East Indies. The Republic of Indonesia? That we do not acknowledge." Raising his revolver, forcing Ploegman Sudirman to immediately go and let the Dutch flag still flying.
        Seeing is not favorable, the young man accompanying Sidik and Hariyono Sudirman take tactical steps. Kicked the revolver from the hand prints Ploegman. Revolver was bouncing and erupting without hitting anyone. Hariyono immediately carry out Sudirman, while Sidik Ploegman continues to grapple with and strangle him to death. Some Dutch soldiers barged upon hearing the gun, and as he drew his long sword and then disabetkan Sidik direction. Sidik also fell.
        Outside the hotel, the young men who knew the incident was immediately pushed into the hotel and a fight broke out in front of the hotel room. Most of the other, scrambling up to the top hotels to lower the Dutch flag. Hariyono along Sudirman originally involved in climbing the flagpole. Finally he managed to lose along Kusno Wibowo Dutch flag, tore the blue, and mengereknya to the top of the pole again. Masses of people welcoming the successful raising of red and white flag with shouted "Merdeka" repeatedly, as a sign of victory, honor and sovereignty of the state of RI.
       The death of Brigadier General MallabyBrigadier General Mallaby car that exploded near the House InternatioAfter the ceasefire between the Indonesian and British soldiers signed on October 29, 1945, the state gradually subsided. But even so still, there was a commotion among the people and the British troops in Surabaya. Armed clashes with British troops in Surabaya, culminating in the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby, (led British troops to East Java), on October 30, 1945.Buick was carrying Brigadier General Mallaby was intercepted by a group of Indonesian militia when it will pass the Red Bridge.Due to a misunderstanding, then there was a shootout that led to the British general's car hit by gunfire exploded. The car was charred.
        After the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby, his successor (Major General Mansergh) issued an ultimatum that is an insult to the fighters and the people generally. In the ultimatum stated that all the leaders and people of Indonesia are armed to report and put the gun in the place designated and submit himself to raise their hands above. Limit of the ultimatum was at 6:00 am on 10 November 1945.

       The ultimatum was rejected by Indonesia. Therefore, the Republic of Indonesia at that time was up, and the People's Security Army (TKR) has also been established.

      On 10 November morning, British troops launched a major offensive and awesome once, by deploying about 30,000 troops, 50 aircraft, and a large number of warships.
Various parts of the city of Surabaya showered with bombs, fired blindly with a cannon from the sea and land. Thousands of residents were affected, many died and many more wounded.However, resistance fighters also raged throughout the city, with the active assistance of the population.
         The British suspect that the resistance of the people of Indonesia in Surabaya can be conquered within three days, by deploying a complete modern weaponry, including aircraft, warships, tanks, and armored vehicles that quite a lot.

          But unexpectedly, it turns out the public figures of the 'ulama' and kyais Java hut like KH. Hashim Ash'ari, KH. Wahab Hasbullah and other boarding kyais exert their students-students and the general public (at the time people are not so obedient to the government but they are more submissive and obedient to the religious scholars) there are also young pioneers such as Bung Tomo and others. Resistance so it can last a long, lasting from day to day, and the other from week to week. Resistance of the people who initially made spontaneously and not coordinated, more and more regularly. this massive battle takes up to a month before the city fell in the hands of the british.

The bloody events in Surabaya when it also has moved across the Indonesian people's resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. The number of fighters who are killed and the people who are victims when it is later remembered as Heroes' Day.